Many cancer patients find that complementary therapies can relieve symptoms or side effects,
ease pain, and enhance their lives during treatment. So what is complementary therapy? In a
study published by the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Office of Complementary and
Alternative Medicine (OCCAM), Office of Education and Special Initiatives (OESI) and the
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) it was found that many
people used the terms "complementary" and "alternative" interchangeably. Some used the term
"holistic" for treatments used along with conventional medicine. Some referred to
conventional medicine as "Western" or "traditional" medicine. Below are some definitions
from OCCAM to help clarify these terms:
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
- Any medical system, practice, or product that is not thought of as standard care
- Complementary Medicine
- A CAM therapy used along with standard medicine
- Alternative Medicine
- A CAM therapy used in place of standard treatments
- Integrative Medicine
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An approach that combines treatments from conventional medicine and CAM for which there
is some high-quality evidence of safety and effectiveness
There are many types of complementary and alternative medicine. The ones described below
are found to be most helpful for cancer patients and are offered at UNC-Chapel Hill through
the Comprehensive Cancer Support Program.
|Acupuncture|
Acupuncture is a technique in which very thin needles of varying lengths are inserted
through the skin to treat a variety of conditions. There are a number of different
acupuncture techniques, including some that use sound waves, tiny electrical charges, and
that may or not use actual needles.
|Biofeedback|
Biofeedback is a treatment method that uses monitoring devices to help people consciously
control physical processes that are usually controlled automatically, such as heart rate,
blood pressure, temperature, sweating, and muscle tension.
|Feldenkrais|
Feldenkrais is a form of movement re-education - learning what habits of movement and
posture may be causing discomfort. By engaging with easy, yet new movement sequences,
one's innate capacity to learn is stimulated, with a broadened range of motion and
mobility as the new learning goal. A certified Feldenkrais practitioner can help you
learn new ways to move to help with management of neurological, orthopedic, chronic pain,
and stress-related conditions.
|Manual Lymph Drainage|
Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) is a type of gentle massage which is used to treat lymphedema.
Lymphedema is a common problem that may be caused by cancer and cancer treatment. MLD is
one tool used to help manage lymphedema, and it is often combined with exercise
(including self care MLD) and compression garments. The massage is applied gently in the
direction of lymph flow in order to unblock any obstructed lymph vessels, and allow lymph
flow to transport waste from the body freely. MLD massage is performed by a certified MLD
provider, and are often massage therapists, physical therapists, or occupational therapists.
|Massage|
Massage involves manipulation, rubbing, and kneading of the muscles and soft tissue to
enhance function of those tissues and promote relaxation. Studies of massage for cancer
patients suggest massage can decrease stress, anxiety, depression, pain, and fatigue.
Many health care professionals recognize massage as a useful, noninvasive addition to
standard medical treatment. Therapeutic massage is most often given by trained massage
therapists. Caregivers can also be trained in safe massage techniques. massage that can
relieve muscular tension, provide relief from temporary or chronic muscular discomfort,
reduce pain and swelling, assist the body in achieving greater flexibility, increase
circulation, and stimulate healing.
|Meditation|
Meditation is a mind-body process that uses concentration or reflection to relax the body
and calm the mind. It has been defined as the intentional self-regulation of attention, a
mental focus on a particular aspect of one's inner or outer experience.
There are many types of meditation, most of which originated in ancient religious and
spiritual traditions. Generally, a person who is meditating uses certain techniques, such
as a specific posture, focused attention, and an open attitude toward distractions.
Meditation may be practiced for many reasons, such as to increase calmness and physical
relaxation, to improve psychological balance, to cope with illness, or to enhance overall
wellness.
In meditation, a person learns to focus attention. Some forms of meditation instruct the
practitioner to become mindful of thoughts, feelings, and sensations and to observe them
in a nonjudgmental way. This practice is believed to result in a state of greater
calmness and physical relaxation, and psychological balance.
|Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction |
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is based on the ancient practice of mindfulness.
MBSR brings together mindfulness meditation and yoga to cultivate awareness and reduce
stress. One's own breathing or another object is used as the focus of attention and as a
reference point to which to return when the mind becomes distracted. By returning to the
breath or other object in present-moment experience, a break occurs in the habitual
patterns of thought and ruminations about the past and future. The practice of
mindfulness strengthens the mind's ability to return to and remain in the present moment,
gain access to our deepest inner resources for living, healing, and coping with stress,
even in challenging situations.
|Yoga|
Yoga in its full form combines physical postures, breathing exercises, meditation, and a
distinct philosophy. Yoga is intended to increase relaxation and balance the mind, body,
and the spirit. Yoga is probably the most studied of all complementary therapies, next to
massage. Based on the body of evidence, yoga has been incorporated into complementary
treatment regimens for many types of illnesses.
Studies have shown yoga:
- decreases stress, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and shortness of breath
- improves appetite, blood pressure, concentration, sleep, digestion, and lymphedema
Below are some good websites for more information about Complementary and Alternative
Medicine and related resources. These sites also give guidance on how to make an informed
decision about using CAM, common questions and answers about CAM and CAM treatments, and
how to talk with your doctor about CAM options:
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National Institutes of Health: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
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NCCAM is the Federal Government's lead agency for scientific research on complementary
and alternative medicine. This center explores complementary and alternative healing
practices in the context of rigorous science, trains complementary and alternative
medicine researchers, and provides CAM information to the public as well as professionals.
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National Cancer Institute: Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM)
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OCCAM was established in October 1998 to coordinate and enhance the activities of the
National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the area of complementary and alternative medicine
(CAM). OCCAM is responsible for NCI's research agenda in complementary and alternative
medicine as it relates to cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and symptom management.
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American Cancer Society
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The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide, community-based voluntary health
organization. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, the ACS has state divisions and more
than 3,400 local offices. ACS offers general information on many cancer topics
including CAM. The ACS has resources such as "Complementary and Alternative Methods for
Cancer Management" and "Guidelines for using complementary and alternative medicine."
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Natural Standard
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Natural Standard was founded by clinicians and researchers to provide high quality,
evidence-based information about complementary and alternative therapies. This
international multidisciplinary collaboration now includes contributors from more than
100 eminent academic institutions.
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NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Database
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The goal of the Office of Dietary Supplements is to strengthen knowledge and
understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, stimulating
and supporting research, disseminating research results, and educating the public to
foster an enhanced quality of life and health for the U.S. population.
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Quackwatch
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Quackwatch Inc. is a non-profit organization founded by Stephen Barrett that states its
mission is to "combat health-related frauds, myths, fads, fallacies, and misconduct"
with a primary focus on providing "quackery-related information that is difficult or
impossible to get elsewhere. Since 1996 it has operated a website, quackwatch.org, that
advises the public on unproven or ineffective alternative medicine remedies. Quackwatch
has received several awards and has been recognized in the media. Numerous sources cite
quackwatch.org as a practical source for online consumer information.